What is the outer layer of the skin called?

The outer layer of the skin is called the epidermis. This layer serves several critical functions, including providing a protective barrier against environmental factors such as bacteria, ultraviolet radiation, and physical abrasions. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells, which continuously regenerate and rise to the surface as older cells are shed. This regeneration process helps to maintain the integrity of the skin and ensures that it remains effective in protecting underlying tissues.

The dermis, located beneath the epidermis, contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves, playing a crucial role in supporting the epidermis along with assisting in thermoregulation and sensation. The hypodermis and subcutis are terms that often refer to the deeper layers of the skin, primarily composed of fat and connective tissue, which provide insulation and cushioning for the body. Understanding these different layers and their functions is essential for recognizing how the skin operates as an organ system and responds to various stimuli or injuries.